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Ageing Italian President Giorgio Napolitano resigned on Wednesday before the natural end of his second seven-year tenure, amid growing ferment in politics for the choice of his successor.
Senate speaker Pietro Grasso, the second executive of state, took the temporary presidency and will hold the presidential powers until a new head of state is appointed.
A statement issued by the Chamber of Deputies, or lower chamber, said parliament, composed of 630 deputies, 315 senators and currently six senators for life including Napolitano who serves as senator for life like all former presidents, will meet along with 58 regional representatives on Jan. 29 to start presidential elections, within 15 days from the president's resignation as established by the Italian Constitution.
The election will take place by secret ballot with a majority vote cast by two-thirds of the assembly in the first three rounds of balloting, after which a simple majority is sufficient.
In this lapse of time, labored negotiations for the choice of a new president, who can be any Italian citizen aged at least 50 and in possession of all civil and political rights, are expected to take place among political parties.
A number of potential candidates have been mentioned by the local press in recent weeks including former Rome mayor Walter Veltroni, constitutional court judge Sergio Mattarella, former prime ministers Giuliano Amato and Romano Prodi, Foreign Minister Paolo Gentiloni, Defence Minister Roberta Pinotti and former national anti-mafia prosecutor Grasso himself.
Respected figures such as conductor Riccardo Muti or Mario Draghi, the current head of the European Central Bank (ECB), have also emerged as possible presidents. Local experts, however, say no real guessing is possible for a vote which has always been characterized by a high grade of unpredictability. Many believe the next president will be a compromise, balanced candidate.
In Italy most presidential duties are ceremonial as real political responsibility is upon the government. However, the president becomes a key player in case of instability as he has the power to dissolve parliament and form governments.
Prime Minister Matteo Renzi has repeatedly called confident that Italy would face no problem with the election, differently by April 2013, when Napolitano reluctantly accepted to be re-appointed for an unprecedented second tenure to avert a crisis after political parties were unable to agree on a successor.
Napolitano made it clear many times that he could not underestimate the signs of fatigue of his age thus would not complete his second term. But he promised to remain in office and speed the reform process until the end of Italy's six-month duty presidency of the European Union (EU).
In his address to the European Parliament in Strasbourg to close the Italian EU presidency, Renzi on Tuesday praised Napolitano as a "firm believer in Europe" driven by a desire for reform and who faced his country's difficult moments with "intelligence and wisdom."
Napolitano was born in Naples, an art city in southern Italy, and graduated in law from the University of Naples Federico II with a dissertation on political economy. In 1945 he joined the Italian Communist Party, of which he was a militant and then a leader.
He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the first time in 1953. In the 1970s he was an active lecturer abroad and by the 1980s his activity focused mainly on international and European policy issues.
From 1989 to 1992 Napolitano was a member of the European Parliament. Later he served as Italian Interior Minister in the Prodi government and chaired the Constitutional Affairs Committee of the European Parliament.
In May 2006 Napolitano was the first former Communist Party member to become Italy's president and was widely credited with helping to lead his country through the 2011 debt crisis. The need for political cooperation, moral values and anti-corruption fight have been his most treasured topics.
Napolitano was also author of several essays and books, and received various academic awards honoris causa. He has been married to Clio Bittoni for more than 55 years and the couple has two sons, Giovanni and Giulio. Enditem